Citation guides
Our citation generator is great for automatically compiling your bibliographies, but it's still important you know the process of creating a bibliography manually, and the reasons why citing your sources is necessary.
For these reasons we have prepared the following set of guides to assist you:
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View more guides- Acta Pharmaceutica style
- African Zoology style
- AIDS style
- American Journal of Health Behavior style
- ACS Nano style
- Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Spanish/Español) style
- Asian Studies Review style
- Administrative Science Quarterly style
- Academy of Management Review style
- Biochemical Journal style
- Anesthesia and Analgesia style
- Biophysical Journal style
- Aging Cell style
- Annals of Neurology style
- Annual Reviews (author-date) style
- BioTechniques style
- Building Structure (Chinese) style
- Carcinogenesis style
- Cell style
- Archaeometry style
- Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie style
- Anticancer Research style
- American Chemical Society (page-first) style
- ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs) style
- Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine style
- Chest style
- Chinese Std GB/T 7714-2005 (author-date, Chinese) style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Avian Pathology style
- Biochemistry style
- Acta Polytechnica style
- American Chemical Society (with titles, no "et al.") style
- Chinese Std GB/T 7714-2005 (numeric, Chinese) style
- Alternatives to Animal Experimentation style
- American Journal of Surgical Pathology style
- AMBIO style
- American Journal of Political Science style
- American Medical Association style
- Clinical Otolaryngology style
- American Physiological Society style
- Advanced Engineering Materials style
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine style
- Conservation Biology style
- Current Protocols journals style
- Advanced Materials style
- Annales. Histoire, Sciences sociales (French) style
- Annals of Oncology style
- Ear and Hearing style
- Économie et Statistique (French) style
- American Phytopathological Society style
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics style
- American Association for Cancer Research style
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science style
- Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata style
- Anesthesiology style
- Antarctic Science style
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica style
- American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics style
- American Journal of Agricultural Economics style
- Ethics (for book reviews) style
- American Psychological Association 5th edition style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (single-spaced bibliography) style
- Applied Spectroscopy style
- Ethnobiology and Conservation style
- Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research style
- American Association of Petroleum Geologists style
- Arachne style
- Archéologie médiévale (French) style
- European Journal of Pain style
- Avian Conservation and Ecology style
- European Journal of Political Research style
- Eye style
- Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment style
- Geological Magazine style
- Cite Them Right 10th edition - Harvard style
- Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies style
- Body & Society style
- British Journal of Anaesthesia style
- Chemical Senses style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (figures and illustrations) style
- Harvard - Manchester Metropolitan University style
- Harvard - University of Gloucestershire style
- ACM SIGGRAPH style
- ACM SIG Proceedings ("et al." for 15+ authors) style
- Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) (Swedish) style
- Harvard - University of Sunderland style
- Allergy style
- American Institute of Physics style
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Université de Montréal) (French - Canada) style
- Australian Historical Studies style
- Biochemical Society Transactions style
- Acta Neurochirurgica style
- ACM SIGCHI Proceedings style
- Biological Psychiatry style
- Irish Historical Studies style
- Advances in Complex Systems style
- American Chemical Society (with titles) style
- BioMed Central style
- Clinical Microbiology and Infection style
- ISO-690 (full note, Slovak) style
- American Heart Association style
- Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research style
- American Journal of Epidemiology style
- Journal of Basic Microbiology style
- Council of Science Editors, Citation-Name (numeric, sorted alphabetically) style
- American Medical Association (no "et al.") style
- Decision Sciences style
- American Journal of Botany style
- American Phytopathological Society (numeric) style
- Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology style
- Annual Reviews (sorted alphabetically) style
- DIN 1505-2 (numeric, German) style
- DIN 1505-2 (numeric, sorted alphabetically, German) style
- Annual Reviews (sorted by order of appearance, without titles) style
- DNA Research style
- Earth Surface Processes and Landforms style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition style
- Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems style
- American Journal of Human Genetics style
- Ecology style
- Environment and Planning style
- Austral Ecology style
- Biometrics style
- American Veterinary Medical Association style
- European Cells & Materials style
- Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research style
- Annual Reviews (sorted by order of appearance) style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (curriculum vitae, sorted by descending date) style
- European Journal of Ophthalmology style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (full note, no Ibid.) style
- BioMed Research International style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (French/Français) style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Italian/Italiano) style
- Acta Philosophica style
- ACM SIGCHI Proceedings - Extended Abstract Format style
- Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry style
- Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae style
- American Chemical Society style
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation style
- DIN 1505-2 (author-date, German) style
- Diplo style
- Freie Universität Berlin - Geographische Wissenschaften (German) style
- American Anthropological Association style
- Harvard - Cape Peninsula University of Technology style
- Australian Journal of Earth Sciences style
- Écoscience style
- Environmental Chemistry style
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology style
- American Journal of Archaeology style
- ACM SIG Proceedings ("et al." for 3+ authors) style
- Harvard (German/Deutsch) style
- Health Services Research style
- Acta Naturae style
- Acta Palaeontologica Polonica style
- British Journal of Dermatology style
- Brain style
- Canadian Public Policy style
- American Chemical Society (with titles, page-first) style
- Acta Ophthalmologica style
- Acta Materialia style
- American Chemical Society (author-date) style
- History and Theory style
- European Society of Cardiology style
- American Fisheries Society style
- Advances in Alzheimer's Disease style
- Advanced Functional Materials style
- Campus adventiste du Salève - Faculté adventiste de théologie (French) style
- Hydrobiologia style
- International Journal of Cancer style
- American Journal of Neuroradiology style
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering style
- Ameghiniana style
- American Political Science Association style
- American Chemical Society (with titles, sentence case) style
- International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health style
- Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing style
- British Journal of Haematology style
- American Journal of Plant Sciences style
- American Society of Mechanical Engineers style
- American Journal of Clinical Pathology style
- International Journal of Wildland Fire style
- Centaurus style
- Chicago style
- Cerebral Cortex style
- Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Spanish) style
- American Mineralogist style
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition style
- American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics style
- ISO-690 (author-date, French) style
- Evolution style
- Flavour and Fragrance Journal style
- Council of Science Editors, Citation-Sequence (numeric) style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (note, annotated bibliography) style
- Annals of the Association of American Geographers style
- American Journal of Primatology style
- ISO-690 (note, no abstract, French) style
- Journalistica (Danish) style
- Free Radical Biology & Medicine style
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics style
- Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien style
- American Geophysical Union style
- Annals of Botany style
- Antiquity style
- Journal of Atrial Fibrillation style
- American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics style
- American Sociological Association style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (library list) style
- Arthritis & Rheumatism style
- Circulation style
- Council of Science Editors, Name-Year (author-date) style
- Aquatic Living Resources style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (annotated bibliography with abstract) style
- American Physics Society style
- Frontiers medical journals style
- Clio Medica style
- Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (German) style
- Cytometry style
- Elsevier Harvard 2 style
- Endocrine Press style
- Environmental Conservation style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Universidade Federal do Paraná (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Journal of Avian Biology style
- American Society for Microbiology style
- Harvard - King's College London style
- Elsevier (numeric, without titles) style
- ergoscience style
- European Journal of Soil Science style
- American Journal of Medical Genetics style
- Cellular Reprogramming style
- Annals of Applied Biology style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (German/Deutsch) style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - FACE (Autoria completa. Exemplo: MENDES, José) (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association style
- Evolution & Development style
- American Medical Association (sorted alphabetically) style
- Arzneimitteltherapie style
- Association for Computing Machinery style
- Art History style
- BioEssays style
- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology style
- Harvard - University of Birmingham style
- European Journal of Emergency Medicine style
- Environmental & Engineering Geoscience style
- Chinese Std GB/T 7714-1987 (numeric, Chinese) style
- Briefings in Bioinformatics style
- Association for Computational Linguistics - Conference Proceedings style
- Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Turkish) style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (note, Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Fachhochschule Vorarlberg (German) style
- American Medical Association (no URL) style
- British Journal of Industrial Relations style
- Australian Guide to Legal Citation style
- Coral Reefs style
- Corrosion style
- ANPET - Congresso de Pesquisa e Ensino em Transportes (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Human Resource Management Journal style
- European Journal of Immunology style
- Catholic Biblical Association (full note) style
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine style
- Environmental Microbiology style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta style
- Journal of Common Market Studies style
- Journal of Transport Geography style
- France (tous les auteurs, numérotation, French) style
- Freshwater Biology style
- Bioelectromagnetics style
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry style
- Clay Minerals style
- Collection du Centre Jean-Bérard (French) style
- American Meteorological Society style
- CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets style
- Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine style
- Ausonius Éditions (French) style
- European Journal of Neuroscience style
- American Society of Civil Engineers style
- Biotropica style
- British Journal of Political Science style
- Current Proteomics style
- Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie (German) style
- Austrian Legal (German - Austria) style
- Bioinformatics style
- Fachhochschule Vorarlberg (alphanumeric, German) style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (no DOIs, no issue numbers) style
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters style
- Future Science Group style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - FACE (Autoria abreviada. Exemplo: MENDES, J.) (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen - Institut für Ethnologie und Ethnologische Sammlung (German) style
- Journal of Computational Chemistry style
- Arachnology style
- American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America style
- Blood style
- Bluebook Law Review (2) style
- Language style
- Modern Humanities Research Association 3rd edition (note with bibliography) style
- Disability and Rehabilitation style
- Hamburg School of Food Science (diploma, German) style
- Journal of Hypertension style
- France (tous les auteurs, auteur-date, French) style
- Genetics style
- Immunological Reviews style
- Modern Language Association 7th edition (German/Deutsch) style
- British Journal of Surgery style
- Geoarchaeology style
- Grasas y Aceites style
- Harvard - Manchester Business School style
- Australian Veterinary Journal style
- HAND style
- Harvard - Oxford Brookes University style
- BibTeX generic citation style style
- Biological Journal of the Linnean Society style
- Harvard - Bath University style
- Harvard - University of West London style
- Hydrological Sciences Journal style
- Journal of Integrated OMICS style
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering style
- British Ecological Society style
- BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA style
- Drug Development Research style
- Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering style
- Molecular Biology of the Cell style
- Biological Reviews style
- Infoclio (petites majuscules, French) style
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press style
- Elsevier (numeric, with titles) style
- Nature Publishing Group Vancouver style
- Drugs of Today style
- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean style
- Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences style
- International Conference on Information Systems Development style
- British Journal of Pharmacology style
- Harvard - Cranfield University style
- Ingeniería Agrícola (Spanish) style
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science style
- Human Mutation style
- International Journal of Audiology style
- Bluebook Law Review style
- De Buck (Dutch) style
- Ecology Letters style
- Harvard - Newcastle University style
- Natureza & Conservação (Brazilian Journal of Nature Conservation) (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Journal of the American Water Resources Association style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (author-date, German) style
- Emu - Austral Ornithology style
- Harvard - The University of Sheffield - School of East Asian Studies style
- Harvard - European Archaeology style
- Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis style
- Clinical Infectious Diseases style
- Invertebrate Biology style
- Brazilian Journal of Botany style
- Journal of Archaeological Research style
- Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française (French) style
- Le Mouvement Social (French) style
- Conservation Letters style
- El profesional de la información (Spanish) style
- Journal of Pollination Ecology style
- Harvard - The University of Sheffield - Town and Regional Planning style
- Hepatology style
- IEEE style
- Guide des références pour la rédaction juridique 7e édition (Guide Lluelles, French - Canada) style
- Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz style
- International Journal of Lexicography style
- ISO-690 (author-date, Slovak) style
- Cell Transplantation style
- Harvard - University of Technology, Sydney style
- Cell journals (numeric) style
- Cell Research style
- Moorlands College style
- Conservation Physiology style
- Critical Care Medicine style
- Environmental Health Perspectives style
- History of the Human Sciences style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (note, no Ibid.) style
- Copernicus Publications style
- International Pig Veterinary Society Congress Proceedings style
- Entomological Society of America style
- Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinischen Gesellschaft style
- Journal of Visualized Experiments style
- Indoor Air style
- InVisu (French) style
- Elsevier Vancouver style
- European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases style
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie (German) style
- European Respiratory Journal style
- International Labour Organization style
- Forensic Science Review style
- Journal of Adolescent Health style
- Nature style
- Nature (no superscript) style
- Navigation style
- O.W. Barth Verlag (German) style
- Journal of Applied Ecology style
- Karger journals (author-date) style
- New Zealand Plant Protection style
- ISO-690 (author-date, no abstract, French) style
- Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy style
- Die Bachelorarbeit (Samac et al.) (note, German) style
- Sascha Foerster - Geisteswissenschaft (German) style
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease style
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology - School of Computer Science and Communication (Swedish) style
- Northeastern Naturalist style
- Journal of Animal Science style
- European Journal of Information Systems style
- Currents in Biblical Research style
- Journal of European Public Policy style
- Journal of Glaciology style
- Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition style
- Freshwater Science style
- PeerJ style
- Physiological and Biochemical Zoology style
- Drug Testing and Analysis style
- Journal of Human Evolution style
- LexisNexis Québec (Guide Lluelles modifié, French - Canada) style
- Organization style
- Oxford Art Journal style
- Politische Vierteljahresschrift (German) style
- Evolutionary Anthropology style
- Die Bachelorarbeit (Samac et al.) (in-text, German) style
- Journal of Field Ornithology style
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise style
- Journal of Biogeography style
- Gastroenterology style
- Genome Biology and Evolution style
- Journal of Industrial Ecology style
- Early Medieval Europe style
- Métropolitiques (French) style
- Moore Theological College style
- Russian GOST R 7.0.5-2008 (Russian) style
- Frontiers journals style
- Frontiers in Physics style
- Presses Universitaires de Rennes (French) style
- Frontiers in Optics style
- Elsevier Harvard (without titles) style
- Coventry University - Harvard style
- Pediatric Research style
- Revista Argentina de Antropologia Biologica (Spanish) style
- Gallia (French) style
- Genes to Cells style
- European Retail Research style
- Journal of Lipid Research style
- Phyllomedusa style
- Plant Biology style
- Global Change Biology style
- Journal of Clinical Oncology style
- First Monday style
- French Politics style
- Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society style
- Harvard - University of Limerick style
- Harvard - The University of Melbourne style
- Harvard - Staffordshire University style
- Journal of Consumer Research style
- Ekonomie a Management (Czech) style
- Russian GOST R 7.0.5-2008 (numeric) style
- Harvard - University of Wolverhampton style
- New Zealand Veterinary Journal style
- Histoire & Mesure (French) style
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta style
- RöFo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und bildgebenden Verfahren style
- Society of Biblical Literature (full note) style
- Harvard - North-West University style
- Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Proceedings style
- Heart Rhythm style
- INTER: Romanian Review for Theological and Religious Studies style
- Journal of Mammalogy style
- Polish Legal (Polish) style
- Preslia - The Journal of the Czech Botanical Society style
- Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie style
- Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin (German) style
- Elsevier Harvard (with titles) style
- FOLD&R (Fasti On Line Documents & Research) style
- Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart (German) style
- Occupational Medicine style
- Journal of Applied Animal Science style
- France (auteurs et al., auteur-date, French) style
- G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics style
- Human Pathology style
- Interaction Design & Architecture(s) style
- Le tapuscrit (École des hautes études en sciences sociales) (note, French) style
- Journal of the American College of Surgeons style
- Geopolitics style
- Harvard - AGPS (Australia) style
- International Journal of Electronic Commerce style
- Harvard Reference format 7 (author-date, German) style
- Bournemouth University - Harvard style
- Sozialwissenschaften (Heilmann) (German) style
- Harvard - Imperial College London style
- Manchester University Press monographs style
- Journal of Chemical Ecology style
- Harvard - University of Abertay Dundee style
- Springer Vancouver (brackets) style
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science style
- McDonald Institute Monographs style
- Journal of Combinatorics style
- Standards in Genomic Sciences style
- Molecular Biology and Evolution style
- Modern Language Association 6th edition (note) style
- Harvard - London South Bank University style
- Stem Cells and Development style
- Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation style
- Human Brain Mapping style
- Journal of Experimental Botany style
- International Studies Association style
- Harvard - University of Hull style
- Journal of Veterinary Cardiology style
- Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (German - Austria) style
- Mohr Siebeck - Recht (German - Austria) style
- Harvard - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (Spanish) style
- Systematic Biology style
- Ophthalmology style
- Pediatric Blood & Cancer style
- Palaios style
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety style
- Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs style
- Harvard - University of Greenwich style
- ISO-690 (numeric, French) style
- Revue Archéologique (French) style
- Landes Bioscience Journals style
- Journal of Wildlife Diseases style
- Molecular Plant style
- Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair style
- Taylor & Francis - Chicago F style
- Harvard - York University style
- Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian) style
- Obesity style
- Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg (German) style
- Harvard - University of the West of England (Bristol) style
- ISO-690 (numeric, Lithuanian) style
- SPIE journals style
- Springer Humanities (author-date) style
- Pediatric Anesthesia style
- Macromolecular Reaction Engineering style
- Infoclio (German - Switzerland) style
- Information Systems Research style
- Springer Vancouver style
- Health Economics, Policy and Law style
- Psychiatric Services style
- Institute of Physics (numeric) style
- Hong Kong Journal of Radiology style
- Journal of Information Technology style
- Taylor & Francis - National Library of Medicine style
- Plant Physiology style
- Population, Space and Place style
- MIS Quarterly style
- Molecular & Cellular Proteomics style
- Latin American Perspectives style
- Journal of Marketing style
- The EMBO Journal style
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology style
- Human Reproduction Update style
- International Microbiology style
- Human-Wildlife Interactions style
- The Lancet style
- Theologie und Philosophie (German) style
- Journal of Orthopaedic Research style
- Institute of Physics (Harvard) style
- Molecular Ecology style
- Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire (French) style
- Quaderni degli Avogadro Colloquia style
- Myrmecological News style
- Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos (autor-año, Spanish) style
- Revista de Biología Tropical (International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation) style
- Séminaire Saint-Sulpice - Ecole Théologie (French) style
- Springer Physics (numeric, brackets) style
- Current Opinion journals style
- Épidémiologie et Santé Animale style
- European Union Interinstitutional Style Guide style
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry style
- Revue française de sociologie (French) style
- Law & Society Review style
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering style
- Society for Historical Archaeology style
- Liver International style
- Annual Review of Medicine style
- Soziale Welt (German) style
- Spandidos Publications style
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Provost) (French - Canada) style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Methods in Ecology and Evolution style
- National Science Foundation (grant proposals) style
- Avian Diseases style
- Babes-Bolyai University - Faculty of Orthodox Theology (Romanian) style
- Strategic Management Journal style
- Neurology India style
- New Hart's Rules: The Oxford Style Guide style
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics style
- Bluebook Inline style
- BMJ style
- Stroke style
- Swedish Legal (Swedish) style
- ISO-690 (numeric, English) style
- British Journal of Cancer style
- Oral Diseases style
- Oxford Centre for Mission Studies (Harvard) style
- ISO-690 (numeric, Slovak) style
- The British Journal of Sociology style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (full note) style
- Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (note) style
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A style
- SPIP - Cite plugin style
- Springer Basic (author-date, no "et al.") style
- Parasitology style
- Protein Science style
- The Astrophysical Journal style
- Clays and Clay Minerals style
- The Historical Journal style
- The Company of Biologists style
- Deutsches Archäologisches Institut style
- The International Journal of Psychoanalysis style
- Journal of Food Protection style
- Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences style
- The Open University (numeric) style
- Journal of Molecular Endocrinology style
- Reviews of Modern Physics (with titles) style
- The FEBS Journal style
- The New England Journal of Medicine style
- IICA-CATIE (Spanish) style
- International Journal of Humanoid Robotics style
- Journal of Finance style
- Invertebrate Systematics style
- Journal of Neurophysiology style
- Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research style
- ISO-690 (note, without bibliography, Czech) style
- ISO-690 (numeric, brackets, Czech) style
- Revista Virtual de Química (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics style
- Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists style
- Journal of Applied Philosophy style
- Revue archéologique du Centre de la France (French) style
- Oxford - The University of New South Wales style
- Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties style
- Science style
- Small style
- The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry style
- Journal of Hearing Science style
- Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery style
- Juristische Zitierweise (Stüber) (German) style
- Philosophia Scientiæ style
- International Journal of Sport Medicine style
- Kidney International style
- Pisa University Press style
- Inter-Research Science Center style
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine style
- DIN 1505-2 (alphanumeric, German) style
- ISO-690 (author-date, English) style
- Media, Culture & Society style
- Ecological Entomology style
- ISO-690 (author-date, Spanish) style
- Modern Language Association 7th edition style
- Mutagenesis style
- Journal of Roman Archaeology (B) style
- Javnost - The Public style
- Permafrost and Periglacial Processes style
- PROTEOMICS style
- Psychological Medicine style
- Journal of Analytical Toxicology style
- Public Library of Science style
- Poultry Science style
- Journal of Social Archaeology style
- Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology style
- Emerald journals (Harvard) style
- European Journal of Human Genetics style
- Science Translational Medicine style
- Harvard style
- Harvard - City University London style
- Journal of Morphology style
- Harvard - Gesellschaft für Bildung und Forschung in Europa (German) style
- Karger journals style
- Kritische Ausgabe (German) style
- Journal of Petrology style
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology style
- Pour réussir (note, French - Canada) style
- Journal of Simulation style
- Journal of Management style
- Sociedade Brasileira de Computação style
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology - School of Computer Science and Communication style
- Journal of Medical Genetics style
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition style
- Microbial Drug Resistance style
- Journal of Medical Internet Research style
- Soziologie (German) style
- Springer Basic (numeric, brackets, no "et al.") style
- Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions style
- SpringerProtocols style
- Springer MathPhys (numeric, brackets) style
- Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology style
- Health Policy and Planning style
- Leidraad voor juridische auteurs (Dutch) style
- Histoire@Politique. Politique, culture, société (French) style
- Studii Teologice style
- Taylor & Francis - Council of Science Editors (author-date) style
- The Journal of Immunology style
- Teologia Catalunya style
- Molecular Therapy style
- Le tapuscrit (École des hautes études en sciences sociales) (author-date, French) style
- Nature (no "et al.") style
- New Phytologist style
- Lettres et Sciences Humaines (biblio et notes, French) style
- The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences style
- Melbourne School of Theology style
- The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries style
- New Solutions style
- Nucleic Acids Research style
- The Journal of Juristic Papyrology style
- The Journal of Neuroscience style
- The Open University (numeric, superscript) style
- Palaeontologia Electronica style
- Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy style
- Psychiatry Research style
- Mycologia style
- Oryx style
- Mammal Review style
- Modern Language Association 7th edition (underline) style
- Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum style
- RadioGraphics style
- Springer Physics (author-date) style
- Studia BAS (Polish) style
- The American Naturalist style
- Nano Biomedicine and Engineering style
- The Journal of Wildlife Management style
- Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine (French) style
- Harvard - The Open University style
- Risk Analysis style
- ROSE School style
- The Optical Society style
- RTF Scan style
- Science (without titles) style
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Referencing your sources - A simple introduction
In higher education when ever you include a fact or piece of information in an assignment or essay you must also include where and how you found that piece of information. Even if you 'just know it' - it has to have come from somewhere. This is because in higher education assignment writing you are not just being tested on what you know, but rather what you are able to find out and what you think it means.
Details about where you found the information utilised to write your assignment are kept in two chapters right at the very end, called the reference list and bibliography. The reference list is where you list the direct quotes or paraphrased findings of another author. The bibliography is where you list sources you've read for background information, but did not directly include in your work. In addition, a small mention to the author and publish year, within brackets, must be given in the main body of your assignment wherever you make a reference.
Referencing Styles
To make the reference list and bibliography consistent and easy to read across different papers there are predefined styles stating how to set them out - these are called citation styles. Different subjects prefer to each use different styles. The following are the most popular:
- APA. APA is an author/date based style. This means emphasis is placed on the author and the date of a piece of work to uniquely identify it.
- MLA. MLA is most often applied by the arts and humanities, particularly in the USA. It is arguably the most well used of all of the citation styles.
- Harvard. Harvard is very similar to APA. Where APA is primarily used in the USA, Harvard referencing is the most well used referencing style in the UK and Australia, and is encouraged for use with the humanities.
- Vancouver. The Vancouver system is mainly used in medical and scientific papers.
- Chicago and Turabian. These are two separate styles but are very similar, just like Harvard and APA. These are widely used for history and economics.
Regardless of what subject you're writing for, you should use the style your university and tutor recommend and you must not mix-and-match. At the moment Cite This For Me generates references for the APA, MLA, and Harvard referencing systems only.
Plagiarism
If you quote or paraphrase another author's work without including a reference to it you are plagiarising. Not only is it very easy to detect plagiarism using online services like Turn It In, but it is also very easy for your tutor to spot it just by reading your work. Remember - you are not being marked on your ability to write facts or show off what you know. Any assumptions or facts you state must have someone else's credible work to back you up. Plagiarism does not only mean cheating, it is mainly used to describe forgetting or not realising to include a reference to other's work or theories.