Citation guides
Our citation generator is great for automatically compiling your bibliographies, but it's still important you know the process of creating a bibliography manually, and the reasons why citing your sources is necessary.
For these reasons we have prepared the following set of guides to assist you:
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View more guides- Acta Polytechnica style
- Alternatives to Animal Experimentation style
- AMBIO style
- American Journal of Political Science style
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine style
- Advanced Engineering Materials style
- Advanced Materials style
- American Association for Cancer Research style
- American Association of Petroleum Geologists style
- American Chemical Society (with titles, page-first) style
- American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (annotated bibliography with abstract) style
- American Phytopathological Society style
- ACM SIGGRAPH style
- ACM SIG Proceedings ("et al." for 15+ authors) style
- Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) (Swedish) style
- Allergy style
- American Institute of Physics style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Université de Montréal) (French - Canada) style
- Australian Historical Studies style
- Anesthesiology style
- Antarctic Science style
- Biochemical Society Transactions style
- Biological Psychiatry style
- BioMed Central style
- Clinical Microbiology and Infection style
- Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research style
- Council of Science Editors, Citation-Name (numeric, sorted alphabetically) style
- Acta Neurochirurgica style
- Decision Sciences style
- DIN 1505-2 (numeric, German) style
- DIN 1505-2 (numeric, sorted alphabetically, German) style
- DNA Research style
- Earth Surface Processes and Landforms style
- Ecology style
- Environment and Planning style
- American Psychological Association 5th edition style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (single-spaced bibliography) style
- European Cells & Materials style
- European Journal of Ophthalmology style
- Advances in Complex Systems style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (German/Deutsch) style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - FACE (Autoria completa. Exemplo: MENDES, José) (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Association for Computing Machinery style
- Acta Materialia style
- American Chemical Society (author-date) style
- American Chemical Society (with titles) style
- American Journal of Plant Sciences style
- American Mineralogist style
- Annals of Botany style
- Antiquity style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Turkish) style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (note, Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering style
- American Heart Association style
- American Journal of Epidemiology style
- ACM SIG Proceedings ("et al." for 3+ authors) style
- American Medical Association (no "et al.") style
- Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research style
- American Phytopathological Society (numeric) style
- Advances in Alzheimer's Disease style
- American Geophysical Union style
- Annual Reviews (sorted alphabetically) style
- American Journal of Medical Genetics style
- Annual Reviews (sorted by order of appearance, without titles) style
- Avian Conservation and Ecology style
- American Medical Association (sorted alphabetically) style
- Acta Pharmaceutica style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition style
- Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems style
- American Medical Association (no URL) style
- African Zoology style
- AIDS style
- Acta Ophthalmologica style
- Austral Ecology style
- Biometrics style
- American Journal of Health Behavior style
- Ameghiniana style
- American Political Science Association style
- American Meteorological Society style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Spanish/Español) style
- Asian Studies Review style
- American Society of Mechanical Engineers style
- Body & Society style
- British Journal of Anaesthesia style
- Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research style
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition style
- Annals of the Association of American Geographers style
- Biochemical Journal style
- Aquatic Living Resources style
- Biophysical Journal style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Universidade Federal do Paraná (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- American Society of Civil Engineers style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (full note, no Ibid.) style
- Association for Computational Linguistics - Conference Proceedings style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (no DOIs, no issue numbers) style
- BioTechniques style
- Building Structure (Chinese) style
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta style
- Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry style
- Carcinogenesis style
- Cell style
- Biotropica style
- British Journal of Political Science style
- DIN 1505-2 (author-date, German) style
- Diplo style
- Arachnology style
- American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America style
- British Journal of Dermatology style
- British Journal of Surgery style
- BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA style
- Chest style
- Chinese Std GB/T 7714-2005 (author-date, Chinese) style
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press style
- Chinese Std GB/T 7714-2005 (numeric, Chinese) style
- De Buck (Dutch) style
- Ecology Letters style
- Emu - Austral Ornithology style
- Clinical Otolaryngology style
- Entomological Society of America style
- Écoscience style
- Environmental Chemistry style
- European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases style
- European Journal of Information Systems style
- Evolutionary Anthropology style
- European Society of Cardiology style
- Frontiers in Optics style
- Annual Review of Medicine style
- Gallia (French) style
- Genes to Cells style
- British Journal of Haematology style
- Global Change Biology style
- BibTeX generic citation style style
- Biological Journal of the Linnean Society style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Provost) (French - Canada) style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Evolution style
- Flavour and Fragrance Journal style
- Avian Diseases style
- Babes-Bolyai University - Faculty of Orthodox Theology (Romanian) style
- Free Radical Biology & Medicine style
- Biological Reviews style
- Bluebook Inline style
- BMJ style
- Bluebook Law Review style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (note, annotated bibliography) style
- British Journal of Cancer style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (full note) style
- Brazilian Journal of Botany style
- ANPET - Congresso de Pesquisa e Ensino em Transportes (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Australian Guide to Legal Citation style
- Ausonius Éditions (French) style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (note) style
- Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae style
- Austrian Legal (German - Austria) style
- Bioinformatics style
- American Anthropological Association style
- Clays and Clay Minerals style
- Cell Transplantation style
- American Journal of Archaeology style
- Deutsches Archäologisches Institut style
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering style
- American Journal of Neuroradiology style
- American Sociological Association style
- Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences style
- DIN 1505-2 (alphanumeric, German) style
- Cellular Reprogramming style
- Bioelectromagnetics style
- Coral Reefs style
- Corrosion style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (author-date, German) style
- Ecological Entomology style
- Ecosystems style
- Elsevier (numeric, with titles, sorted alphabetically) style
- Clinical Infectious Diseases style
- Conservation Letters style
- Equine Veterinary Education style
- Frontiers medical journals style
- Critical Care Medicine style
- Emerald journals (Harvard) style
- European Journal of Human Genetics style
- Conservation Physiology style
- Equine Veterinary Journal style
- Copernicus Publications style
- Circulation style
- Council of Science Editors, Name-Year (author-date) style
- Harvard style
- Harvard - City University London style
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters style
- Elsevier Vancouver style
- Federation of European Microbiological Societies style
- Harvard - Gesellschaft für Bildung und Forschung in Europa (German) style
- Fish and Fisheries style
- Forensic Science Review style
- Blood style
- Bluebook Law Review (2) style
- Free Radical Research style
- Freshwater Science style
- Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften (Heilmann) (German) style
- Health Policy and Planning style
- Harvard - Staffordshire University style
- Gastroenterology style
- Genome Biology and Evolution style
- Histoire & Mesure (French) style
- Genèses: Sciences sociales et histoire (French) style
- Global Ecology and Biogeography style
- Histoire@Politique. Politique, culture, société (French) style
- Human Brain Mapping style
- Harvard - Anglia Ruskin University style
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie (German) style
- Harvard - Cardiff University style
- Infoclio (German - Switzerland) style
- Information Systems Research style
- Harvard - Durham University Business School style
- Institute of Physics (numeric) style
- Insectes Sociaux style
- International Journal of Epidemiology style
- Harvard - Institut für Praxisforschung (Bahr & Frackmann) (German) style
- International Microbiology style
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica style
- British Ecological Society style
- Harvard - Leeds Metropolitan University style
- Harvard - King's College London style
- Harvard - University of Cape Town style
- American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics style
- University of Kent - Harvard style
- American Journal of Agricultural Economics style
- American Journal of Botany style
- American Journal of Human Genetics style
- Die Bachelorarbeit (Samac et al.) (note, German) style
- ACM SIGCHI Proceedings style
- American Veterinary Medical Association style
- ACM SIGCHI Proceedings - Extended Abstract Format style
- British Journal of Pharmacology style
- Annual Reviews (sorted by order of appearance) style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (curriculum vitae, sorted by descending date) style
- Acta Naturae style
- Acta Palaeontologica Polonica style
- Advanced Functional Materials style
- Drug Testing and Analysis style
- American Chemical Society (with titles, sentence case) style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (French/Français) style
- American Psychological Association 6th edition (Italian/Italiano) style
- Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien style
- Arthritis & Rheumatism style
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation style
- Arzneimitteltherapie style
- Early Medieval Europe style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Australian Journal of Earth Sciences style
- American Chemical Society (page-first) style
- Harvard - University of Leeds style
- Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française (French) style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - FACE (Autoria abreviada. Exemplo: MENDES, J.) (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- American Chemical Society (with titles, no "et al.") style
- Centaurus style
- Chicago style
- Australian Veterinary Journal style
- ISO-690 (author-date, Czech) style
- American Journal of Surgical Pathology style
- Boreal Environment Research style
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics style
- American Medical Association style
- Bulletin of Marine Science style
- American Physiological Society style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (author-date, Basque) style
- Clio Medica style
- Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (German) style
- Chroniques des activités archéologiques de l'Ecole française de Rome (French) style
- Annales. Histoire, Sciences sociales (French) style
- Annals of Oncology style
- Database style
- Diatom Research style
- Environmental & Engineering Geoscience style
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics style
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science style
- EMBO reports style
- Engineering in Life Sciences style
- Applied Spectroscopy style
- Environmental Microbiology style
- Evolutionary Ecology Research style
- Arachne style
- Archéologie médiévale (French) style
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry style
- Fachhochschule Kiel - Fachbereich Medien (German) style
- Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies style
- Future Science Group style
- Chemical Senses style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (figures and illustrations) style
- Forest Science style
- Geology style
- Hypotheses in the Life Sciences style
- Geoarchaeology style
- Grasas y Aceites style
- Ekonomie a Management (Czech) style
- Clay Minerals style
- Collection du Centre Jean-Bérard (French) style
- ICES Journal of Marine Science style
- Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos (autor-año, Spanish) style
- Harvard - Bath University style
- Elsevier Harvard (with titles) style
- FOLD&R (Fasti On Line Documents & Research) style
- Indian Journal of Medical Research style
- Current Opinion journals style
- Épidémiologie et Santé Animale style
- Cell journals (numeric) style
- Cell Research style
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Sciences sociales (author-date, French) style
- European Union Interinstitutional Style Guide style
- Interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift für Technologie und Lernen (German) style
- Fertility and Sterility style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (note, no Ibid.) style
- International Journal of Climatology style
- Israel Medical Association Journal style
- International Journal of Exercise Science style
- Cytometry style
- Elsevier Harvard 2 style
- France (auteurs et al., numérotation, French) style
- Geografie Sborník ČGS (Czech) style
- Elsevier (numeric, without titles) style
- International Organization style
- Harvard - Oxford Brookes University - Faculty of Health and Life Sciences style
- Currents in Biblical Research style
- European Journal of Emergency Medicine style
- Harvard - Swinburne University of Technology style
- European Journal of Immunology style
- Harvard - The University of Northampton style
- European Journal of Neuroscience style
- Die Bachelorarbeit (Samac et al.) (in-text, German) style
- Heredity style
- Human Reproduction style
- Fachhochschule Vorarlberg (alphanumeric, German) style
- Elsevier Harvard (without titles) style
- IEEE (with URL) style
- Infoclio (sans majuscules, French) style
- France (tous les auteurs, auteur-date, French) style
- Genetics style
- European Retail Research style
- First Monday style
- French Politics style
- HAND style
- Harvard - Oxford Brookes University style
- Harvard - University of West London style
- Russian GOST R 7.0.5-2008 (numeric) style
- Human Mutation style
- International Journal of Audiology style
- Harvard - North-West University style
- Invertebrate Biology style
- ISO-690 (author-date, Slovak) style
- Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Proceedings style
- France (auteurs et al., auteur-date, French) style
- G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics style
- Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie (German) style
- Geopolitics style
- Harvard - AGPS (Australia) style
- Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin (German) style
- Human Pathology style
- Interaction Design & Architecture(s) style
- Harvard - Imperial College London style
- International Journal of Electronic Commerce style
- Harvard - London South Bank University style
- Russian GOST R 7.0.5-2008 (Russian) style
- Harvard - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (Spanish) style
- Coventry University - Harvard style
- ACS Nano style
- Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica style
- Harvard - University of Limerick style
- Harvard - The University of Melbourne style
- Harvard - University of Greenwich style
- Harvard - University of Wolverhampton style
- Heart Rhythm style
- INTER: Romanian Review for Theological and Religious Studies style
- Harvard - University of the West of England (Bristol) style
- Hong Kong Journal of Radiology style
- Human-Wildlife Interactions style
- Administrative Science Quarterly style
- IICA-CATIE (Spanish) style
- International Journal of Humanoid Robotics style
- International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics style
- International Journal of Sport Medicine style
- Inter-Research Science Center style
- Anesthesia and Analgesia style
- ISO-690 (author-date, English) style
- Journal for the History of Astronomy style
- Journal of Bone and Mineral Research style
- Acta Philosophica style
- ISO-690 (author-date, Spanish) style
- American Chemical Society style
- American Fisheries Society style
- Journal of Fish Diseases style
- American Journal of Clinical Pathology style
- American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics style
- American Journal of Primatology style
- American Physics Society style
- American Society for Microbiology style
- Annals of Applied Biology style
- Art History style
- BioEssays style
- Briefings in Bioinformatics style
- British Journal of Industrial Relations style
- Catholic Biblical Association (full note) style
- Drug Development Research style
- Elsevier (numeric, with titles) style
- Harvard - Cranfield University style
- Harvard - European Archaeology style
- Hepatology style
- IEEE style
- Indoor Air style
- InVisu (French) style
- ISO-690 (author-date, no abstract, French) style
- Annual Reviews (author-date) style
- International Union of Crystallography journals style
- Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition style
- Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy style
- Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering style
- Journal of Dental Research style
- Journal of Biogeography style
- Journal of Neurosurgery style
- Journal of Clinical Oncology style
- Journal of Perinatal Medicine style
- Journal of Separation Science style
- Archaeometry style
- Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie style
- Conservation Biology style
- Current Protocols journals style
- Ear and Hearing style
- Économie et Statistique (French) style
- Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata style
- Ethics (for book reviews) style
- Ethnobiology and Conservation style
- European Journal of Pain style
- European Journal of Political Research style
- Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie style
- Eye style
- Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment style
- Geological Magazine style
- Journal of Applied Animal Science style
- Journal of Chemical Ecology style
- Cite Them Right 10th edition - Harvard style
- Journal of Combinatorics style
- Harvard - Manchester Metropolitan University style
- Harvard - University of Gloucestershire style
- Journal of Veterinary Cardiology style
- Harvard - University of Sunderland style
- ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs) style
- Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine style
- Landes Bioscience Journals style
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases style
- Latin American Perspectives style
- Irish Historical Studies style
- ISO-690 (full note, Slovak) style
- Journal of Basic Microbiology style
- BioMed Research International style
- Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology style
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology style
- Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing style
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association style
- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology style
- Academy of Management Review style
- Journal of Transport Geography style
- Aging Cell style
- Annals of Neurology style
- Anticancer Research style
- Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine style
- Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie (German) style
- Harvard - Newcastle University style
- Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Harvard - The University of Sheffield - School of East Asian Studies style
- Avian Pathology style
- Biochemistry style
- Harvard - The University of Sheffield - Town and Regional Planning style
- Brain style
- Canadian Public Policy style
- Harvard - University of Technology, Sydney style
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering style
- History of the Human Sciences style
- International Labour Organization style
- Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (library list) style
- Journal of Applied Ecology style
- Chinese Std GB/T 7714-1987 (numeric, Chinese) style
- Journal of European Public Policy style
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine style
- Campus adventiste du Salève - Faculté adventiste de théologie (French) style
- CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets style
- Current Proteomics style
- Journal of Field Ornithology style
- Journal of Internal Medicine style
- Disability and Rehabilitation style
- Journal of Management Information Systems style
- Drugs of Today style
- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean style
- Cerebral Cortex style
- Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Spanish) style
- El profesional de la información (Spanish) style
- Journal of Food Protection style
- Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma style
- Environmental Health Perspectives style
- ISO-690 (numeric, parentheses, Czech) style
- Journal of Molecular Endocrinology style
- European Respiratory Journal style
- Journal of Paleontology style
- Journal of Neurophysiology style
- The Journal of Biological Chemistry style
- Sascha Foerster - Geisteswissenschaft (German) style
- Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine style
- Journal of Roman Archaeology (A) style
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology style
- Frontiers journals style
- Frontiers in Physics style
- Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology style
- Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery style
- Journal of Rheumatology style
- Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy style
- Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute style
- Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons style
- Language in Society style
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology style
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta style
- Mammal Review style
- Modern Language Association 7th edition (underline) style
- Les Journées de la Recherche Porcine (French) style
- Council of Science Editors, Citation-Sequence (numeric) style
- Harvard Reference format 7 (author-date, German) style
- Bournemouth University - Harvard style
- Limnology and Oceanography style
- Harvard - University of Abertay Dundee style
- London South Bank University (numeric) style
- Law & Society Review style
- Journal of the Association for Information Systems style
- Journal of Zoology style
- Manuel canadien de la référence juridique 7e édition (Guide McGill, French - Canada) style
- Microscopy and Microanalysis style
- Liver International style
- Middle East Critique style
- Harvard - University of Hull style
- Lethaia style
- Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation 7th edition (McGill Guide) style
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions style
- National Archives of Australia style
- Harvard - York University style
- Neuropsychopharmacology style
- Methods in Ecology and Evolution style
- Health Economics, Policy and Law style
- Medical History style
- Methods of Information in Medicine style
- Human Reproduction Update style
- National Science Foundation (grant proposals) style
- OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) style
- Paleobiology style
- Modern Humanities Research Association 3rd edition (author-date) style
- Institute of Physics (Harvard) style
- Modern Language Association 7th edition (with URL) style
- Neurology India style
- New Hart's Rules: The Oxford Style Guide style
- Freie Universität Berlin - Geographische Wissenschaften (German) style
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry style
- Molecular Psychiatry (letters to the editor) style
- Multiple Sclerosis Journal style
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics style
- Oral Diseases style
- Oxford Centre for Mission Studies (Harvard) style
- ISO-690 (numeric, English) style
- Harvard - Cape Peninsula University of Technology style
- Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy style
- NeuroReport style
- Organization Science style
- ISO-690 (numeric, Slovak) style
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A style
- Harvard (German/Deutsch) style
- Health Services Research style
- PAIN style
- Palaeontology style
- History and Theory style
- Journal of Finance style
- Endocrine Press style
- Environmental Conservation style
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology style
- Hydrobiologia style
- International Journal of Cancer style
- Parasitology style
- Protein Science style
- International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health style
- Harvard - University of Birmingham style
- Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences style
- Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery style
- Periodontology 2000 style
- Journal of Roman Archaeology (B) style
- International Journal of Wildland Fire style
- ergoscience style
- European Journal of Soil Science style
- Investigative Radiology style
- Journal of Social Archaeology style
- Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery style
- Plant Pathology style
- ProInflow (note, Czech) style
- Karger journals style
- Kritische Ausgabe (German) style
- ISO-690 (author-date, French) style
- Human Resource Management Journal style
- Leidraad voor juridische auteurs (Dutch) style
- Journal of Consumer Research style
- Reviews of Modern Physics (with titles) style
- Journal of Evolutionary Biology style
- Political Studies style
- Journal of Experimental Botany style
- Invertebrate Systematics style
- Revista Virtual de Química (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Language style
- Modern Humanities Research Association 3rd edition (note with bibliography) style
- Journal of Forensic Sciences style
- Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs style
- Pontifical Biblical Institute style
- Public Health Nutrition style
- Revue archéologique du Centre de la France (French) style
- Radiology style
- Reproduction style
- Journal of Infectious Diseases style
- Journal of Wildlife Diseases style
- Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry style
- Immunological Reviews style
- International Studies Association style
- Modern Language Association 7th edition (German/Deutsch) style
- Evolution & Development style
- Macromolecular Reaction Engineering style
- Infoclio (petites majuscules, French) style
- ISO-690 (note, without bibliography, Czech) style
- ISO-690 (numeric, brackets, Czech) style
- ISO-690 (note, no abstract, French) style
- Journalistica (Danish) style
- ISO-690 (numeric, French) style
- Journal of Nutrition style
- Royal Society of Chemistry style
- Journal of Applied Philosophy style
- Molecular Biology of the Cell style
- Journal of the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science style
- Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinischen Gesellschaft style
- MIS Quarterly style
- Molecular & Cellular Proteomics style
- Nano Biomedicine and Engineering style
- Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties style
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society style
- International Conference on Information Systems Development style
- Molecular Ecology style
- Norma Portuguesa 405 (Portuguese) style
- Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information (French) style
- Science style
- Small style
- Les Journées de la Recherche Avicole (French) style
- Nature Publishing Group Vancouver style
- Myrmecological News style
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease style
- Romanian Humanities (Romanian) style
- Journal of Atrial Fibrillation style
- Journal of Hearing Science style
- Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases style
- Journal of Archaeological Research style
- Journal of Glaciology style
- Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening style
- Ornitología Neotropical style
- Journal of Morphology style
- Journal of Pollination Ecology style
- Journal of Human Evolution style
- Oxford - The University of New South Wales style
- Springer SocPsych (author-date) style
- Past & Present style
- Perspectives on Politics style
- Fachhochschule Vorarlberg (German) style
- Journal of Avian Biology style
- Journal of Lipid Research style
- Société Nationale des Groupements Techniques Vétérinaires (French) style
- Natureza & Conservação (Brazilian Journal of Nature Conservation) (Portuguese - Brazil) style
- Medical Physics style
- Mineralogical Magazine style
- The Auk style
- The Geological Society of London style
- Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia style
- Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society style
- Springer Basic (author-date) style
- Journal of Petrology style
- Molecular Microbiology style
- Navigation style
- O.W. Barth Verlag (German) style
- Philosophia Scientiæ style
- Le tapuscrit (École des hautes études en sciences sociales) (author-date, French) style
- Le tapuscrit (École des hautes études en sciences sociales) (note, French) style
- Journal of Visualized Experiments style
- Nature Neuroscience (brief communications) style
- Pisa University Press style
- The Review of Financial Studies style
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science style
- Karger journals (author-date) style
- Society for General Microbiology style
- Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research style
- Springer MathPhys (author-date) style
- PROTEOMICS style
- Psychological Medicine style
- Molecular Biology and Evolution style
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B style
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology - School of Computer Science and Communication (Swedish) style
- Sociology of Health & Illness style
- Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience style
- The Accounting Review style
- Journal of Simulation style
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America style
- SAGE Harvard style
- Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy style
- LexisNexis Québec (Guide Lluelles modifié, French - Canada) style
- Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias (Spanish) style
- Lettres et Sciences Humaines (biblio et notes, French) style
- Journal of Common Market Studies style
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology - School of Computer Science and Communication style
- Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation style
- Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health style
- Springer Vancouver (author-date) style
- Sexual Development style
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise style
- France (tous les auteurs, numérotation, French) style
- Freshwater Biology style
- Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques style
- The British Journal of Psychiatry style
- Society of Automotive Engineers Technical Papers (numeric) style
- Stem Cells style
- TGM Wien Diplomarbeit (German) style
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development style
- Métropolitiques (French) style
- Moore Theological College style
- ISO-690 (numeric, Lithuanian) style
- Melbourne School of Theology style
- Journal of Computational Chemistry style
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Referencing your sources - A simple introduction
In higher education when ever you include a fact or piece of information in an assignment or essay you must also include where and how you found that piece of information. Even if you 'just know it' - it has to have come from somewhere. This is because in higher education assignment writing you are not just being tested on what you know, but rather what you are able to find out and what you think it means.
Details about where you found the information utilised to write your assignment are kept in two chapters right at the very end, called the reference list and bibliography. The reference list is where you list the direct quotes or paraphrased findings of another author. The bibliography is where you list sources you've read for background information, but did not directly include in your work. In addition, a small mention to the author and publish year, within brackets, must be given in the main body of your assignment wherever you make a reference.
Referencing Styles
To make the reference list and bibliography consistent and easy to read across different papers there are predefined styles stating how to set them out - these are called citation styles. Different subjects prefer to each use different styles. The following are the most popular:
- APA. APA is an author/date based style. This means emphasis is placed on the author and the date of a piece of work to uniquely identify it.
- MLA. MLA is most often applied by the arts and humanities, particularly in the USA. It is arguably the most well used of all of the citation styles.
- Harvard. Harvard is very similar to APA. Where APA is primarily used in the USA, Harvard referencing is the most well used referencing style in the UK and Australia, and is encouraged for use with the humanities.
- Vancouver. The Vancouver system is mainly used in medical and scientific papers.
- Chicago and Turabian. These are two separate styles but are very similar, just like Harvard and APA. These are widely used for history and economics.
Regardless of what subject you're writing for, you should use the style your university and tutor recommend and you must not mix-and-match. At the moment Cite This For Me generates references for the APA, MLA, and Harvard referencing systems only.
Plagiarism
If you quote or paraphrase another author's work without including a reference to it you are plagiarising. Not only is it very easy to detect plagiarism using online services like Turn It In, but it is also very easy for your tutor to spot it just by reading your work. Remember - you are not being marked on your ability to write facts or show off what you know. Any assumptions or facts you state must have someone else's credible work to back you up. Plagiarism does not only mean cheating, it is mainly used to describe forgetting or not realising to include a reference to other's work or theories.