Guide: How to cite a Encyclopedia article in Liver International style
Cite A Encyclopedia article in Liver International style
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Use the following template to cite a encyclopedia article using the Liver International citation style. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator.
Key:
Pink text = information that you will need to find from the source.
Black text = text required by the Liver International style.
Reference list
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
1. Author Surname Author Initial. Title. Publication Title. Year Published; :Pages Used.
Example:
1. Resources, Science, and Industry Division. Primer on E-Government: Sectors, Stages, Opportunities, and Challenges of Online Governance [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2015 Apr 29]. at <https://www.fas.org/sgp/.../RL31057.pd...>
In-text citation
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template
(1)
Example
New and Improved Services. Another opportunity promoted by egovernment supporters is the potential to improve the quality, range, and accessibility of services. Some observers suggest that, in addition to enhanced efficiency, the quality of services may be improved through quicker transactions, improved accountability, and better processes. The evolution of e-government also creates the potential for new services. Along with the possibility of combining existing services, e-government initiatives could contribute to a qualitative change in how government conducts business and how citizens interact with government and each other. Increased Citizen Participation. A third benefit anticipated by some egovernment advocates is increased citizen participation in government. One way this could occur is by connecting people who live in remote areas of the country so that they can send and receive information more easily. A second way suggested by some observers is through increased participation in government by younger adults. Some advocates believe that the generation of citizens about to come of political age, who have grown up with the Internet and digital communications technologies in their everyday lives, will be more likely to become participant citizens if the means to do so are similar to the ones they use for personal and professional activities. By extension, e-government initiatives could also enhance citizen-to-citizen (C2C) interaction by providing opportunities for people with similar interests, opinions, and concerns, who may be geographically separated, to interact and share information. Improved National Information Infrastructure. A fourth possible benefit of the drive to implement e-government initiatives is the improvement of the national information infrastructure (NII). During the years leading up to the Y2K rollover, there was growing concern over the protection of NII. As part of the efforts to address the Y2K problem, former President Clinton released Presidential Decision Directive No. 63. “The Directive sets up groups within the federal government to develop and implement plans that would protect government-operated infrastructures and calls for a dialogue between government and the private sector to develop a National Infrastructure Assurance Plan that would protect the nation's critical infrastructures by the year 2003.”34 Following the successful handling of the Year 2000 (Y2K) problem, attention began to wane again. However, the events of September 11, 2001 have re-invigorated the sense of urgency to focus interest in NII issues. On October 16, 2001 President Bush signed Executive Order 13231, which outlines the Administration’s policies and objectives for critical infrastructure protection and reiterates many of the provisions in PDD-63. This heightened awareness, along with the effort to make many government services available online, could renew interest in the NII and lead to its further development to accommodate the resource needs of these initiatives. By extension, additional investment in NII could lead to increased attention to information security issues and the development of new technologie (1)
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